Headwind: Low-Carbon Grid Surge Strains Investments

Grid investment falls 30% short of $600B/year needs by 2030 due to permitting and supply bottlenecks
CCS captures only 50% of targeted CO2 from fossil decline, delaying full low-carbon shift
Mineral supply chains constrain renewable buildout to 60% of required annual GW
Emerging markets receive <20% of clean energy finance despite 40% demand growth

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